Low prices, weak hiring raise odds of Fed action

In this Wednesday, June 13, 2012, Tammy Syniec, right, reads the list of employers participating at a job fair expo in Anaheim, Calif. More Americans sought unemployment aid last week, suggesting hiring remains sluggish. The Labor Department said Thursday June 14, 2012 that weekly unemployment benefit applications rose 6,000 to a seasonally adjusted 386,000, an increase from an upwardly revised 380,000 the previous week. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

In this Wednesday, June 13, 2012, Tammy Syniec, right, reads the list of employers participating at a job fair expo in Anaheim, Calif. More Americans sought unemployment aid last week, suggesting hiring remains sluggish. The Labor Department said Thursday June 14, 2012 that weekly unemployment benefit applications rose 6,000 to a seasonally adjusted 386,000, an increase from an upwardly revised 380,000 the previous week. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

In this June 13, 2012 photo, Jose Canales, left, talks to a recruiter as he is accompanied by his wife, Magdel, and daughter Alexamarie at a job fair expo in Anaheim, Calif. More Americans sought unemployment aid last week, suggesting hiring remains sluggish. The Labor Department said Thursday June 14, 2012 that weekly unemployment benefit applications rose 6,000 to a seasonally adjusted 386,000, an increase from an upwardly revised 380,000 the previous week. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

In this June 13, 2012 photo, job seekers wait in line at a job fair expo in Anaheim, Calif. More Americans sought unemployment aid last week, suggesting hiring remains sluggish. The Labor Department said Thursday June 14, 2012 that weekly unemployment benefit applications rose 6,000 to a seasonally adjusted 386,000, an increase from an upwardly revised 380,000 the previous week. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

Graphic shows weekly applications for unemployment benefits

Motorists buy fuel at a gas station displaying a $2.99 price for regular unleaded gasoline in North Little Rock, Ark., Thursday, June 14, 2012. The Labor Department said Thursday that US Consumer prices fell in May by the most since December 2008, pulled down by a plunge in gas prices. (AP Photo/Danny Johnston)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? The U.S. job market is flagging, and consumer prices are barely rising. The picture sketched by data released Thursday has made some economists predict the Federal Reserve will announce some new step next week to boost the economy.

Applications for unemployment benefits rose last week, pointing to a fourth straight month of sluggish hiring in June. And consumer prices were pulled down in May by a plunge in gas prices.

Weak job growth raises pressure on the Fed because part of its mission is to boost employment. And mild inflation gives policymakers more leeway to act. If inflation were threatening to accelerate, Fed policymakers might feel compelled to raise interest rates.

The Fed's policymaking committee meets on June 19-20. Rising expectations that it will take some action sent stocks surging Thursday. The Dow Jones industrial average jumped 90 points in afternoon trading.

Fed officials are "likely to go into that meeting feeling a little chastened and looking for a way to support the economy," said Jeremy Lawson, an economist at BNP Paribas.

The most likely step next week would be for the Fed to extend a current program that swaps short-term Treasury securities for bonds with longer maturities. The program expires at the end of the month.

Known as "Operation Twist," the goal is to further lower long-term interest rates to encourage borrowing and spending.

Diane Swonk, chief economist at Mesirow Financial, said allowing the program to end could result in tighter credit and make it harder for Americans to buy or refinance homes.

The reason: a key part of the program is buying new mortgage-backed securities with the proceeds from those that mature. Without those purchases, banks might issue fewer mortgages.

Earlier this year it seemed less likely that the Fed would extend Operation Twist. Employers created an average of 252,000 a month from December through February. Consumers were growing confident in the economy and spending at the fastest pace in more than a year.

The Fed forecast at its April meeting that the economy would grow by about 2.7 percent this year.

But many economists are now predicting slower growth after seeing the economy slump this spring. Employers added an average of only 96,000 jobs per month in past three months. Consumers barely increased their spending at retail businesses in May. And European leaders are struggling to contain their financial crisis, which has already plunged much of the region into recession.

"You look at all this and say, where's the growth going to come from?" Lawson said.

The job market doesn't appear to be improving.

Weekly unemployment benefit applications increased to a seasonally adjusted 386,000, the Labor Department said. The four-week average, a less volatile measure, rose for the third straight week to 382,000. That's the highest in six weeks.

Applications are a measure of layoffs. When they drop below 375,000, it typically suggests hiring is strong enough to reduce the unemployment rate.

But applications have settled near or above that level since April. Many economists on Thursday said they don't expect job growth in June to be much better than April or May.

Swonk said that the Fed might take further action later this summer, particularly if Europe's economy worsens. A deep recession in Europe could weigh on the U.S. stock market and cut into U.S. exports, slowing American growth.

One hopeful sign is that consumers are finally seeing relief from higher gas prices, which could revive spending this summer.

The consumer price index dropped 0.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said in a separate report. The biggest, which was the decline since December 2008, was mostly because of a 6.8 percent drop in gas prices. Food costs were unchanged.

Over the past 12 months ending in May, consumer prices rose 1.7 percent, much less than April's pace. It's also below the Fed's target of a 2 percent annual gain.

Average national gas prices have tumbled 41 cents after peaking April 6. The average price per gallon on Thursday was $3.53, according to AAA.

Economists expect prices to fall even further in coming months, as gas prices continue to drop.

So-called "core" prices, which exclude food and energy, rose 0.2 percent for the third straight month. They have risen 2.3 percent in the past year.

Rental costs pushed up core prices. Rents are rising as more people forgo homeownership and rent instead.

Prices for used cars and trucks, medical care, airfare and clothing also rose. But some economists said that most of those trends could be temporary and core prices may dip in the coming months.

Associated Press

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